Building a house is not a simple process and until the reception of things, the road is sprinkled with many permits, permits and certificates. One of the most important stages, before the execution of the construction, is the geotechnical study. In other words, when you want to raise a building, you need a series of information about the soil, such as: its ability to support your construction, the maximum depth in case of frost, its composition and permeability, structure and stability, groundwater depth, risk of landslides, etc.
Today's
real estate blog article presents some information about the role of the geotechnical study and how it is done.
The geotechnical study includes information about the properties and quality of the land on which a building will be located. This study is very important because without a soil documentation, a building permit cannot be obtained.
The process of investigating the foundation land is performed by drilling from which samples are collected which are analyzed in the geotechnical laboratory. The complexity of the geotechnical study will be directly proportional to the complexity of the construction. If it is a larger construction, the analyzes will be much more in-depth and detailed, and the field investigation will include static or dynamic penetrations, plate tests and seismic soundings. Following the analyzes made, you will find out what type of construction your land can support. There are lands on which multi-storey buildings cannot be built, and for this reason you will have to invest more in the foundation.
Considering that drilling and investigating the soil at great depths is not a simple procedure, for a correct study, the engineer / technician who will deal with it must receive some information about:
• length and width of the construction - which will establish the number of necessary drillings;
• the height regime of the construction - number of floors and other details that establish at what depth the geotechnical drilling must be done;
• the destination of the construction - to check if additional analyzes are needed;
• land area;
• the inclination of the land - to analyze how the construction should be located in front of the slope;
• the existence of common walls with other constructions;
• proximity to water;
• geographical location.
After the above information has been gathered, the number and depth of drillings, the volume of equipment and the execution term are established. The steps of this process are as follows:
1. Geotechnical drillings take samples with the help of which the stratification, the groundwater level, the water infiltrations are established. In the case of a taller construction, studies can be performed on rock strength;
2. The samples are obtained and follow their analysis in the geotechnical laboratory. Following the verifications, the geomechanical parameters are identified, such as: granularity, flow limit, plasticity index, consistency, natural humidity, flow limit, kneading limit. These indices can be supplemented by structural indices, such as: porosity index, contractile characteristics, degree of humidity, compressibility, specific compaction coefficient, volumetric weight, etc .;
3. After all this information is procured, the geotechnical study is actually performed, by interpreting all the data from the field and from the laboratory. Thus, the foundation and the resistance structure will be calibrated based on the final characteristics resulting from the study.
As with many other documents, the geotechnical ones can be of several types:
• geotechnical approvals - it is required for pre-feasibility studies and / or feasibility studies, for the transfer of lands from extra-urban to urban. The approvals are not a substitute for the geotechnical study;
• geotechnical studies for the building permit project;
• detailed geotechnical studies;
• geotechnical monitoring during construction.
The price of a geotechnical study varies depending on the complexity of the documentation, and the validity term is unlimited.